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A greenhouse is a structure designed for cultivating crops, providing protection from harsh conditions, and allowing careful control over temperature, humidity, and ventilation to enhance plant growth.
1st Farm
GREENHOUSE
Maligat Integrated farm originally had a 200-square-meter greenhouse. In 2019, a typhoon destroyed it — no cover remained, only the roof frame.
By 2025, a new 65-square-meter greenhouse was built — much smaller due to cost constraints.
On the positive side, the greenhouse is properly oriented, as it is in an optimal location for sunlight and wind exposure.
However, the owner claims that the contractor, who was also an engineer, did not conform to any other national or PAES standards.
Despite compliance gaps, the greenhouse successfully grew high-value crops, including lettuce, broccoli, cauliflower, and bell pepper, which are not commonly grown in Camarines Norte.
However, production slows down during the summer since the Philippines' high temperatures make it difficult for these crops to grow - even in a greenhouse.
VEGETABLE PROCESSING AREA
Processing happens in one divided area with three sections: cleaning, sorting, and grading.
After those processes, the vegetables and fruits are immediately placed in crates where they are also drained, and afterward, they are brought to an area that also serves as a storage facility
A major limitation is that the farm has no temperature-controlled storage facility. Unsold produce is either fed to animals or turned into compost.
When asked about improvements, the owner prioritized a better irrigation system, drainage system, and a proper storage facility with controlled temperature.
Conclusion:
Based on PAES standards for greenhouses, particularly in terms of ventilation, drainage, and structural safety, this farm complies with only a few requirements on an informal level. One notable strength is its proper orientation; however, no building permit under the NBCP was identified, and the structural safety of the greenhouse after typhoons remains uncertain. Overall, the level of formal compliance is relatively low, not because farmers are unwilling to follow the standards, but mainly due to financial limitations and insufficient technical guidance.
BALUZO FARM
The old greenhouse was established in 2015, while the newer structure was constructed in 2023. This greenhouse was built in accordance with proper standards, particularly because its construction was handled by contractors under the Department of Agriculture.
Each greenhouse measures 100 square meters. It uses UV plastic with at least 200 microns thickness — capable of withstanding typhoons up to 150 kilometers per hour.
It also has double netting and exhaust fans for ventilation.
It operates under a hydroponics system — so there's no separate sprinkler or drip irrigation. However, they plan to add drip irrigation to their next greenhouse.
To maintain the greenhouse, they observe a 1 to 2-week downtime. Why? To kill pests and bacteria through starvation, repair leaking tubes, and sanitize the entire system.
One challenge they identified is that improving crop quality is difficult because outside sunlight cannot be controlled. Also, the soil contains certain charges that plants may not like — sometimes causing what they call 'crop stealing’ where nutrients go to unwanted plants instead of the crops.
